Which surface of an airplane tends to accumulate ice first during flight?

The leading edges of the wings are the first surfaces of an airplane to accumulate ice during flight due to their aerodynamic design and positioning. As the aircraft flies through clouds or precipitation in cold weather, the leading edges often come into contact with supercooled water droplets. These droplets freeze upon impact, as the leading edges are exposed to the airflow and the lower temperatures associated with altitude.

The accumulation of ice on the leading edges is particularly critical, as it can significantly affect the airplane's lift characteristics. Ice increases drag and alters the airflow over the wing, which can lead to reduced performance and an increased risk of stalls. This is why anti-icing and de-icing systems are primarily focused on these areas during winter operations.

Other surfaces, such as the tail, engine inlets, or fuselage, can accumulate ice as well, but the leading edges of the wings are generally the most vulnerable during flight.