What causes reverse sensing in VOR systems?

Reverse sensing in VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) systems typically occurs when a pilot misinterprets the signals received from the VOR station. This misunderstanding usually happens when the aircraft is flying in a direction opposite to the desired track but the pilot mistakenly believes they are flying toward the station. When the radial is not correctly identified, the VOR receiver can indicate the wrong information, leading to confusion regarding the aircraft's position relative to the VOR station.

Understanding this helps recognize that while equipment malfunctions, inaccuracies, or excessive distance can affect VOR accuracy or signal reception, it is primarily the pilot's interpretation of the signals that leads to reverse sensing. This highlights the importance of proper training and situational awareness in accurately using VOR systems.